NNPC Limited is Africa's largest national oil company and the sole entity licensed to operate across Nigeria's entire petroleum industry. Established in 1977 under General Olusegun Obasanjo's government, NNPC has been the cornerstone of Nigeria's energy economy for nearly five decades managing joint ventures with Shell, ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, Chevron, and Eni, and overseeing a vertically integrated value chain that spans upstream exploration, midstream gas infrastructure, refining, and downstream distribution.
In July 2022, under the landmark Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) of 2021, NNPC was formally transformed from a state corporation into a fully commercial limited liability company marking a generational shift toward transparency, investor readiness, and commercial discipline. In 2024, the company recorded ₦45.1 trillion in revenue and ₦5.4 trillion in profit after tax, a 64% year-on-year increase, cementing its position as one of Africa's most significant commercial enterprises.
NNPC functions as a holding company for 13 subsidiary companies, two of which are partly privatised and responsible for marketing and sales. Its operations span upstream exploration and production, midstream gas processing and transmission, downstream refining and distribution, and a growing new energy division targeting renewables and low-carbon solutions.